Catalysts are vital in the petrochemical industry, transforming raw materials into products like plastics, fibers, and pharmaceuticals by facilitating chemical reactions without being consumed. They improve efficiency, lower energy use, and reduce environmental impact. Zeolites, metal, and heterogeneous catalysts optimize processes like cracking and reforming, while homogeneous catalysts are used in polymerization. Recent innovations focus on enhancing catalyst performance and durability, with developments in nanostructured catalysts, computational modeling, and renewable feedstock conversion. The industry’s commitment to sustainability is driving advancements, aiming to create more efficient, eco-friendly processes while minimizing its environmental footprint.