The China refurbished mobile phone market refers to used phones that have been repaired and restored professionally, tested and rated, and then sold using a structured process. They are obtained through trade-in programs, device buybacks, corporate upgrades, or as used devices from the secondary market. As more consumers want to find good deals on premium smartphones, become more aware of how their purchasing decisions affect the environment, and replace their current smartphones at a more frequent rate than before, the market for these types of phones continues to grow. There is a growing number of organised online marketplaces, which has also created greater public confidence in the refurbishment market across China.